Specific Crop Mapping Temporal Data Approach Environmental Sciences Essay

To know apart specific harvest of involvement, in this work we have used temporal informations. These temporal informations sets were pre-processed with regard to geo-registration, set ratio and eventually fuzzy based categorization attack was applied. For accuracy appraisal fuzzy based mistake matrix was applied and soft mention informations was generated utilizing IRS-P6, LISS-III temporal informations sets. It has been tried to accomplish defined aim of this research undertaking and elaborate methodological analysis has been explained further.Study AreaThe present survey is undertaken to research the feasibleness of using AWIFS ( IRS-P6 ) and LISS-III ( IRS-P6 ) information for function and proving individual category ( Wheat ) of involvement. The trial location was selected in parts supplying a scope of disputing environments for specific harvest monitoring. india The country is situated in the southern portion of the Uttarakhand province between 29 ° 11 ‘ 21.99 † N to 29  ° 42 ‘ 06.73 † N and 78  ° 38'18.30 † Tocopherol to 79  ° 10 ‘ 191.05 † E. The country is located in Terai part and is a portion of Kumaon Division. The survey country is celebrated for its agribusiness and irrigation on synchronized forms from the past as granary of popularity for its productiveness in paddy harvests in the whole Uttarakhand province. Khariff and Rabi are two major cropping seasons. The chief Khariff harvests are rice, soyabean, Urd, and Moong and the Rabi harvests are wheat, barley, Gram, Masoor, Mustard, and Sunflower. uttranchal pantnagarPre-processing of the Data( Geometric Correction of ( IRS-P6 ) LISS-III and AWIFS Data )The mention LISS_III images available were already pre-processed as follows: SOI toposheets were scanned and converted into digital signifier before geo-registration. Images were co-registered with regard to the toposheet maps on 1:50,000 in UTM projection with WGS-84 North ellipsoid of revolution and data point, zone 45 ( Kashipur Area ) Uttarakhand. The images were re-sampled at 20m spacial declaration by utilizing the nearest neighbour re-sampling method ( first order multinomial ) and entire 17 GCPs were collected from the toposheet for the intent of geo-registration. The trial images available for categorization were likewise pre-processed. These AWIFS images of same country were co-registered with regard to the LISS-III dataset in UTM projection similar to LISS-III images. Similarly, the images were re-sampled at 60m spacial declaration by utilizing the nearest neighbour re-sampling method and entire 17 GCPs were collected from the LISS-III images for the intent of geo-registration. The difference between trial image ( AWIFS ) and mention image ( LISS-III ) is 1:3, which implies that, one pel of AWIFS image is equal to nine pels of LISS-III image.Methodology AdoptedIn the present survey the medium spacial declaration AWIFS informations sets are used. In order to accurately map the specific crop-wheat, we use temporal informations sets. Different datasets with changing temporal declaration were taken in order to happen out the most suited time-series ( multi-date ) image set that gives the best truth of categorization. In 2008-2009 Rabi Season- Wheat Growth Period Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr ( image3 ) ( image4 ) ( image2 ) ( image5 ) ( image1 ) Suitable set ratio method Suitable fuzzy based supervised categorization for pull outing individual category of involvement Accuracy appraisal ( Using soft mention informations ) Figure: Methodology adopted The enhanced images were available for our survey. The images are, in general, enhanced by pre-processing like geometric and atmospheric corrections. The images are geo-referenced utilizing land control points and so registered. This work is done utilizing commercially available ERDAS package tool. Training sites for wheat were identified in the digital LISS III and AWIFS image with the aid of land control point inside informations provided and the visually interpreted FCC images. Band ratio techniques were employed to extinguish the consequence of incline and facet and the difference of light. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ( NDVI ) , MIN/MAX and Transformed Vegetation Index ( TVI ) were taken for all the images from AWIFS and LISS-III. This was done utilizing the SMIC package tool. The fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel categorization technique was used for farther categorization utilizing temporal informations. The samples of wheat were taken from both AWIFS and LISS-III time-series images severally. SMIC package tool at IIRS was used. Sample was taken in the mode that, one image was in the spectator while, other temporal images were arranged as the chink on spectator pick the value of all the images at that peculiar pel ( category ) . The fuzzy based classifier was used for categorization. The categorization was done by Possibilistic c-Means classifier attack. The end product was a individual classified fractional image, from which we analyzed the individual category ( wheat harvest ) . Further, the truth appraisal of all the classified AWIFS fractional images was taken with regard to LISS-III image. FERM ( Fuzzy Error Matrix ) was used for truth appraisal.Concepts EmployedBand Ratio TechniquesThe procedure of spliting the pel values in one spectral set by the corresponding pel values in another spectral set is known as set ratioing. It is merely a simple transmutation process applied to remote feeling images. The form of the spectral coefficient of reflection curves of different land screen / land usage types can be identified by this technique. Second it can cut down the recorded unwanted topographic consequence like incline and facet and extinguish the effects of difference in light. The ratioing technique such as spectral flora index are widely utile and benefits the legion subjects like appraisal of biomass, H2O usage, works wellness, harvest production and works emphasis. Vegetation Indices combine different spectral sets, quantitatively step and measure the f lora screen denseness, sort the harvest and besides help in harvest favoritism. The ratioing techniques used in this survey are as followsMin/MaxIt is one of the easy to calculate set ratio technique. It is obtained by taking the ratio between the minimal set value and maximal set value matching to that pel. Ratio Image = Minimum Value/Maximum ValueNDVIOne of the first successful flora indices based on set ratioing was developed by Rouse et Al. ( 1973 ) . They computed the normalized differences of brightness values from MSS7 and MSS5 for supervising flora. They called it the Normalized Differences Vegetation Index ( NDVI ) Jenson 1996. The NDVI is measured in graduated table of -1 to +1. Snow, H2O organic structures, desert and exposed dirts come in a scope of -0.2 to 0.05. While the increasingly increasing sums of green flora come in the scope of 0.05 to 0.7. NDVI informations are strongly correlated with the fraction of exposure synthetically active radiation ( 0.4 to 0.7 A µ.m. beckon length ) absorbed by flora canopies. The brighter the image pel after categorization, the greater the sum of photosynthesizing flora nowadays. NDVI = ( NIR-R ) / ( NIR+R )TVITVI was introduced by Deering et Al. ( 1975 ) . They added 0.5 to NDVI and took the square root, bring forthing the transformed flora index ( TVI ) . The TVI can be linearly correlated with leaf country index, and has a higher sensitiveness than that of NDVI in high biomass country ( Huete et al. , 2002, Sakamoto et al. , 2005 ) . Since the biomass of harvest Fieldss is low compared with woods, TVI retains one-dimensionality in harvest Fieldss. Furthermore, TVI is more practical than NDVI when humidness is high. ( Sakamoto et al. , 2005 ) TVI = a?s ( NDVI + 0.5 )Image Classification TechniquesFor the readying of thematic maps and quantitative analysis of the images, capableness of computing machine to construe the images, place pels and label them based on their numerical belongingss is exploited. The method is normally referred to as Image Classification. While the images can processed in digital environment it is better known as digital image categorization. A traditional difficult categorization technique does non assist in this type of state of affairs. Fuzzy logic may be good where multiple categories exist within a pel. To integrate the assorted pel job in past research workers have proposed the ‘soft ‘ categorization technique that decomposes the pel into category proportions ; fuzzed categorization is a soft categorization technique, which deals with vagueness, ambiguity and uncertainness in category definition. Therefore fuzzed categorization technique is likely the best technique to pull out the individual category from the image and differentiate with other categories. The construct of ‘fuzzy set ‘ theory was introduced by Zadeh, to cover with the uncertainness in category definition. The fuzzed set theory introduces the vagueness by extinguishing the chip boundaries into grade of rank to non-membership map Binaghi et Al. 1999. It represents the state of affairss where an single pel is non a member for a individual bunch, but member for all bunchs with different grade of belongingness Dutta 2009. In this survey fuzzy logic based algorithm, which is independent of statistical distribution premise of informations, has been studied to pull out individual land screen category from distant feeling multi-spectral images. Fuzzy based classifier in this work has been implemented in such a mode that remote feeling image from any detector can be used for individual category extraction.Temporal Data ApproachAt the 3rd degree of categorization where we map the specific flora, mapping based on categorization utilizing individual day of the month image has been merely reasonably successful. The first job in this survey is to pull out individual harvest of involvement from the harsh declaration orbiter image. There is job when pull outing individual category with individual day of the month image. The image consists of pels. A pixel value ( brightness value ) recorded is consequence of interaction of electromagnetic moving ridges with the land objects and/or atmosphere. In add-on harvests may hold similar spectral response forms holding merely little differences. Hence, the spectral response recorded by detector may differ for same or similar type of categories while it may be possible that the dissimilar entities may demo similar spectral response, depending on land or atmospheric conditions. This introduces mistakes. So it is impossible to accurately pull out the individual harvest utilizing the individual day of the month imagination. To get the better of the above issues, temporal informations attack best for specific harvest function. With the clip series informations the spectral response of the category proportions can be recognized and differentiate from other categories. Therefore individual harvest of involvement has been processed utilizing temporal informations.Accuracy AssessmentAccuracy appraisal and proof for sub-pixel classifiers is still a topic of research. No standard methods are available for sub-pixel classifiers, unlike that for hard-classifiers such as mistake matrix and kappa coefficient. For the proof of the consequence, FERM ( Fuzzy Error Matrix, Binaghi et al. ) with the aid of fuzzed set theory based sub-pixel classifier was used in this survey. The truth appraisal of AWIFS fraction images has been done with regard to LISS-III fraction image. The fuzzed mistake matrix ( FERM ) method has been employed to calculate the truth.Classified ImageAssorted PixelReference ImageFigure: Sub-Pixel Acc uracy Assessment Method ( Comparing coarse declaration image with all right declaration image )Fuzzy Error Matrix ( FERM ) :For the appraisal of soft classified informations assorted suggestion have been made, among which fuzzy mistake matrix introduced by Binaghi et al. , 1999 is one of the most suited attack. FERM takes the fraction soft classified images ( drifting value or non-negative existent figure ) as input alternatively of traditional difficult classified images ( integer value ) . The layout of a fuzzed mistake matrix is similar to that of the traditional mistake matrix that is used for accessing the truth of difficult classifiers. The component of the fuzzed mistake matrix represent category proportions, matching to soft mention informations ( Rn ) and soft classified information ( Cm ) , in categories n and m severally. Fuzzy lower limit operator are used to build the fuzzed mistake matrix and find the matrix elements M ( m, N ) in which the grade of rank in the fuzzed interaction ( Cm a? ©aà ‹â€ ? Rn ) is computed as ( Kumar et al. , 2007 ) M ( m, n ) = |Cm a? ©aˆ?Rn| a?‘xI µX min ( A µCm, A µRn ) Where Ten is the proving sample dataset ; x is a proving sample in X and A µCn and A µRn are the category rank of proving sample tens in Rn and Cm, severally. In our survey, fuzzy based mistake matrix was applied for truth appraisal and soft mention informations was generated utilizing IRS-P6, LISS-III temporal informations sets. Producer, user and overall truths of categorization were computed by this fuzzed mistake matrix ( FERM ) truth assessment method.Consequences and DiscussionSample Output ImagesFollowing are the corresponding subdivisions of end product images from temporal informations set-6.Acquisition Date Input Images: Min/Max Band Ratio Image: Concluding Wheat Function21 Nov 2008 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reporta.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_a.jpg 08 Jan 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Report.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_b.jpg 27 Jan 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportc.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_c.jpg 15 Feb 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportd.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_g.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_final.jpg 25 Feb 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reporte.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_e.jpg 11 March 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportf.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_f.jpg 31 March 2009 C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportg.jpg C: UsersAmolDesktopImages_ Reportm6_g.jpgCategorization AccuracyTo understand and exemplify the efficiency of the fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel classifier along with assorted sets ratio techniques and temporal informations sets, used in appraisal of specific harvest of involvement, truth appraisal and reappraisal is required. The truths of the fraction images ( proportion of wheat harvest ) generated by sub-pixel classifier of Kashipur country are shown in table 4. Table 4: Accuracy Assessment of wheat harvest function in Kashipur countryVegetation IndexAccuracySet 1( % )Set 2( % )Set 3( % )Set 4( % )Set 5( % )Set 6( % )Set 7( % )Set 8( % )Min/MaxUser 86.50 88.06 86.01 87.15 89.26 89.58 87.83 90.64 Manufacturer 96.30 92.92 95.36 95.00 95.34 96.07 95.62 95.63Over All96.3092.9295.3695.0095.3496.0795.6295.63NDVIUser 92.40 89.68 92.14 92.20 93.24 93.37 91.87 94.13 Manufacturer 94.24 93.56 94.67 95.68 94.99 95.97 95.10 95.69Over All94.2493.5694.6795.6894.9995.9795.1095.69TVIUser 73.83 80.13 76.00 76.46 78.73 79.86 79.06 79.37 Manufacturer 95.23 93.24 94.53 93.66 92.79 96.15 94.66 96.09Over All95.2393.2494.5393.6692.7996.1594.6696.09Graphic RepresentationConsequencesThe Min/Max set ratio technique gives the best truth of wheat harvest categorization in four sets of temporal informations and is followed by TVI flora index which gives maximal truth of wheat harvest function in three sets of temporal informations. The truth of categorization of wheat harvest, obtained by using the Min/Max set ratio technique is highest in set-1 and about near to this maximal value in set-6. The truth of wheat harvest mapping utilizing NDVI flora index is maximal in set-6 and same is true for TVI flora index.DiscussionIn this survey fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel classifier has been undertaken for pull outing the individual harvest type ( wheat ) utilizing multi-spectral orbiter images. Three indices Min/Max, NDVI and TVI were used to supervise, estimation and discriminate wheat other harvest types. Fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel classifier which gives the fraction images was applied to band ratio images. Fuzzy Error Matrix ( FERM ) method was applied for truth appraisal of wheat harvest function and proof of the consequences. Irrespective of the figure of images in each multi-date temporal informations set and irrespective the flora index used, this fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel classifier gives reasonably good overall truth, which is ever supra 92.5 % . It thereby establishes certificates of fuzzed set theory based classifier for mapping specific harvest. Further comparative survey of the effects on truth, of flora index used to supervise and know apart wheat harvest shows that, Min/Max flora index is best suited to supervise and know apart wheat harvest while utilizing temporal informations sets. Min/Max flora index gives best truth in half of the temporal informations sets tested. However it does non demo specific form in giving truth as the temporal informations sets vary. TVI flora index besides gives maximal truth in three sets, but the fluctuations, in the truths is maximal. Though NDVI ratio does non acquire the highest topographic point in the truth of categorization, there is some form seen in the truth of categorization under NDVI flora index. It in general additions from set-2 to set-6 which can be explained mistily as better truth for better temporal declaration. Reappraisal of the truth of categorization, with regard to temporal declaration and the day of the months of the images used, suggest that in general overall truth additions from set2 to set6 as the figure of images used addition. Classification truth is highest for set6. As can be seen from Table3, set6 contains images from seeding to harvest home of the harvest and about at temporal declaration of 20 yearss. There is a dip in the categorization truth in set2. That is likely due to inclusion of image of day of the month 6 Nov. 2008 ( before sowing of the harvest ) . It besides explains the dip in categorization truth for set7.Decisions and RecommendationsMotive was to map individual harvest of involvement utilizing fuzzy based classifier with the aid of time-series multi-spectral satellite images. The temporal information helps in favoritism of harvest ( particularly wheat as tested here ) from other harvests. It has been observed from this work that time-series multi-spectral images used for specific harvest function give good overall truth of categorization. Harmonizing to consequences obtained from this work, Min/Max flora index gives maximal truth of function for wheat harvest. NDVI flora index is besides reasonably good and TVI can besides last the intent. Temporal informations set incorporating multi-date images that equally cover the full harvest life rhythm ( seeding to reaping ) gives the maximal accurate function of the harvest. In instance of wheat, the temporal declaration of 20 yearss gives better truth. However, inclusion of images of day of the months other so cropping season ( those before seeding the harvest and after reaping the harvest ) will cut down the overall truth of categorization.

Cost Benefit Analysis Essay

When operating a business or managing a project, there are many moving parts that need to be discussed, evaluated, and/or implemented. A very effective tool that can help that can help in a business decision or project is running a cost benefit analysis. Running this analysis will help a project manager determine how well, or how poorly, a planned action will turn out (John Reh, 2014). This type of analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result (John Reh, 2014). When putting a together a cost benefit analysis for a big production company like Bubble Films, it is a big project to own. Having 150 employees spread out into multiple states makes it difficult to get all the information needed. There are many factors when you are dealing with multiple areas of operation to provide an accurate cost benefit analysis. The cost of networking equipment and the power it takes to operate them. The amount of cloud space and the security used to protect it and the power to operate. Once you start operating outside of the office, conducting an accurate cost benefit analysis. With the employees working at home, are they working the full day or a few hours here and there? Do you have to pay for their use of electricity and internet, per diem? Is it more cost effective to put everyone in an office rather than work at home? Many questions have to be answered to create and effective analysis. Cost benefit analysis is a very important tool to use when pitching a new idea or project. This will show the investor, project manager, or CEO’s exactly where their money is going to go and how they are going to make a return. It also helps identify flaws in the budget and whether a company can expand or downsize. References John Reh, F. (2014). Cost Benefit Analysis. Retrieved from http://management.about.com/cs/money/a/CostBenefit.htm

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Professional Sports Leagues - Coursework Example Where the NRL’s teams are losing their value as the number of attendances went down by 3% and NRL also lost $1.8m on the finals series. Youth Football Fund Grassroots has been initiated by NLF along with Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) to provide financial and technical assistance in order to improve the quality, safety and accessibility of local football fields to middle schools and high schools. It is a non-profit program that offers opportunities for recreation, education, and relaxation that contribute to the local quality of life, especially for the youth (Titans, 2015). This initiative would be highly helpful in creating exposure to young athletes towards football. In my opinion NRL should invest more in advertising and sponsorship as decided by the company. It should also take initiatives like NFL to increase exposure and awareness amongst young athletes. This would also help in attracting youngsters towards the sport. It can also build up a nonprofit club in the center of the city with the sole aim of promoting the sport and developing the skills of the young ones for rugby. These programs would definitely contribute in increasing diversity exposure for the professional league. Australian Association Press. (2014).  Rugby league will be biggest sport in Australia, says NRL chief.  the Guardian. Retrieved 24 January 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/feb/24/rugby-league-biggest-sport-in-australia Burke, M. (2013).  How The National Football League Can Reach $25 Billion In Annual Revenues.Forbes. Retrieved 24 January 2015, from

Stress and burnout Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress and burnout - Research Paper Example Ayala (2002) further indicates that uncontrolled levels of stress can eventually lead to burnout that is detrimental to the overall productivity of employees in an organization. However, stress may be beneficial because it can lead to creativity and inventions at the workplace. Consequently, it is fundamental to discuss the effects of stress and burnout to an organization and its employees. According to Gryna (2004), burnout is a feeling that results from an extended period of stress. Continuous burnout has a hazardous effect that lowers the self-esteem of individuals while on duty. Employees begin disliking their pastime activities in the organizational context. Notably, burnout correlates with emotional instability highlighting the absence of zeal and enthusiasm. Gryna (2004) asserts that burnout is a condition that arises when an individual lacks the motivation to undertake duty. It is equally attributable to prolonged suffering. Clinically, it is complex to guesstimate the level of employee burnout. Problems associated with stress and burnout to the organization One of the major problems associated with stress and burnout is the employees incapability to produce quality results as they did in the past (Ayala, 2002). Consequently, both stress and burnout are the main inhibitors of success to organizations. These two attributes contribute to huge losses to organizations annually. Gryna (2004) affirms that organizations incur losses because of the increased levels of stress among its staff. The most widespread loss is the reduction in the level of employee’s productivity in the organization. Subsequently, stressed employees exude low morale when undertaking duties and obligations. Lack of confidence contributes to their dismal performance at work because strained employees perform poorly. According to Gryna (2004), burnout increases the rates of turnover of employees; thus, increasing the costs required to run operations in an organization. This is beca use an organization will have to incur costs when recruiting new staff to continue with operations. Moreover, organizations will have to invest in training new employees before entrusting them with duties. High turnover due to burnout affects the employees’ loyalty who may feel neglected by the management (Gryna, 2004). This will make it difficult for them to focus on organizational growth. Interestingly, employees in organizations attribute stress to several to harsh working conditions. Problems associated with stress and burnout to the employees According to Arnold, Demerouti & Wilmar (2005), burnout affects employees’ attitude leading to the deterioration of an individual’s health. Subsequently, burnout leads to financial losses. For example, an employee experiencing burnout is prone to commit errors while on duty. Additionally, there are high chances that conflict can arise in an organization when employees experiencing burnout. Stress and burnout does not o nly affect the organization’s performance but they also affect the overall wellbeing of an individual. For instance, stressed employees exude negative emotions while on duty that may influence their lives. Moreover, an employee suffering from burnout is likely to develop chronic illness that may lead to depression. Arnold, Demerouti & Wilmar (2005) indicates that chronic ailments such as type diabetes have been associated with

Republican Party Essay Example for Free

Republican Party Essay The Republican Party has always been the true political party of the United States of America. When referring to the Declaration of Independence’s three principles based on John Locke’s and Thomas Jefferson‘s definitions of them. The three principles of the Declaration are the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Republican Party is superior to the Democratic Party in upholding the Declaration’s principles and biblical God given rights. There are three policies that show that coincide with the prominent Declaration principles that exemplify the dominance of the Republican Party to the Democratic Party. For principle life it is the parties views on abortion, liberty it is the views on gun control, and the pursuit of happiness it is the views on taxes. The principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness were originally defined by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson constructed his definitions from inspirations he received from John Locke‘s writings, primarily from his book Two Treaties. John Locke’s principles slightly differed from the ones in the Declaration and consisted of the principles life, liberty, and property. He called these principles the people’s natural rights, meaning all men are innately born with the right to them. John Locke defines life as God given and that all people are God’s property and entitled to life. Locke defines liberty as â€Å"not a state of license,† but as a rightful and moral exercise of freedom. He states that liberty does not give man the right to take his own life or hinder the liberty of others. A man cannot harm the health, possessions, or life of another man. Locke lastly defines the natural right to property. Locke defines this principle as more than owning things, but also owning oneself. He also defines property as owning the common, the things citizens labor to have. An example of owning then common Locke gives is, if a man catches a fish in the ocean, cooks it and eats it because he labored for it and it was God given. Jefferson based the definitions of life and liberty off of Locke’s definitions in the Declaration of Independence, but changed property and redefined it as the pursuit of happiness. Jefferson defines the pursuit of happiness as mans right to pursue happiness, but not the right to happiness. The Republican party best follows the definition of life according to the Declaration of Independence with their view on abortion. The big difference between the Republican party and the Democratic party on this issue is the Republican party sees abortion as wrong and the Democratic party does not. The republicans are pro-life and conservative and believe that each human being has the right to live and abortion is equivalent to murder. In 2008, approximately one million, twenty-one thousand abortions took place in the U. S. , that’s over one million murders. The Republican Party recognizes that even in the womb the fetus is unique and is a living being with the inalienable right to life and has a creator. The Republican Party as a generalized view believes that human life commences at conception, and therefore has individual and exclusive rights from the mother, which in turn does not give permission to the mother to abort the child. The Democratic Party is the liberal party and is pro-choice in the abortion debate. They believe that being the future mother or it being the women’s body gives her the privilege to make the decision regarding the fetus life. A fair point, but one you never hear is that the government should not try to control what a citizen does with their body, just like it does not tell them what they should eat. Then again, it would be an oxymoron for they do believe in governmental control. The Democratic Party is the party that states that they are the moving forward political party, and they are the ones who manufactured Planned Parenthood, a facility, located across the country, which dedicates their expertise on making a profit on the mistake of, typically, young girls. Planned Parenthood was first opened in 1916 by Margaret Sanger, her sister and a friend. Inauspiciously, she was jailed, but her idea birthed the revelation and a revolution of the movement of women. It gave women the opportunity to fight for not only their body, but for their lives. The Democratic Party, and thus the Federal government have made it very clear that this is an issue worth fighting. Democrats see abortion as a woman’s right to choose what she does with her body neglecting the fetuses right to life. They believe credit the choice of abortion to liberty and since the fetus is inside of the mother she has the liberty to decide what happens. The Republican Party embodies the Declaration of Independence’s absolute right to liberty by their views on gun control. The Republican Party has not only been an advocator of the citizens right to liberty, but also immensely advocates the second amendment. The Second Amendment states, â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. † The second amendment was is to firstly, defend us from foreign invaders if our army cannot hold them back and it is necessary if a crisis that large ever occurred for American’s to be able to defend there country. Republicans believe right to own a gun is a law-abiding citizens liberty to exercise their freedom to self-defense or to hunt on legal hunting grounds. Republicans do not support guns for hindering the life or liberty of others, but do respect the peoples right to own one. Republicans â€Å"oppose federal licensing of law-abiding gun owners national gun registration as a violation of the Second Amendment and an invasion of privacy of honest citizens. † The Republican Party defends citizen’s Constitutional right and inalienable right to liberty with their political principles on gun control. The Democratic Party’s view on gun control differs from the Republican viewpoint. Democrats believe the right to bear arms should be severely regulated. Some of the regulations they propose are passing a background check, applying for a permit (which includes having to attend a course teaching on how to handle a weapon), and a copy of the citizen’s mental health record. Democrats believe they are still protecting and acknowledging the Second Amendment, but are by having higher gun control restrictions keeping the guns out of the hands of criminals and terrorists. Democrats believe that strengthening the governments gun control regulations will decrease violence, ignoring that they are infringing on the Declaration of Independence’s inherent right of liberty. The last inalienable right of the Declaration of Independence is the pursuit of happiness. The Republicans best symbolizes this right with their view on taxes. The United States government taxes just about everything, ranging from income taxes to a food taxes to property taxes. The Republican Party believes in only taxing to â€Å"raise money for essential functions. † This means hat Republican believe that the government should spend the citizens tax money only to enforce contracts maintain basic infrastructure and national security, and protect the citizens against criminals. Thus giving American citizens the best chance to pursue happiness. Republicans do not believe the money they get from taxpayers is theirs, but that it is the taxpayers and that it should be invested in a way that is best for them and benefits their futures the most. They strongly believe in keeping taxes low for all citizens. The Republicans are trying to enforce a tax system to help boost the economy called Tax Relief. This program will reduce the taxes for all businesses primarily small businesses to make it easier for the businesses to grow. If this were to happen it would provide many Americans with jobs. Another thing Republicans do to help Americans easier pursue happiness with their beliefs on taxes is they seek to limit the income tax so citizens can save more money, choose easier what they spend their money on, or invest in something. The Democratic position is not like the Republican Party’s and does not represent the inalienable right to the pursuit of happiness. Democrats aim to raise taxes for government funding that they believe will turn into businesses. They wish to cut taxes for the middle class and increase them upon the wealthy. The wealthy class is considered the top one percent income earners. Contrary to the Republican Party the Democrats believes that you feed in the money with the poor, so rather than giving taxes breaks to the rich, you offer the poor money to go to school, get out of their situation, find a job and move their family in a better home. Citizens will find that the Democratic Party demands many tax increases especially on people who make more than a million dollars a year, also called the one percent. The common argument regarding tax increases, that rich people never pay taxes and regardless of the number they never lose a dime. And that all it does it put more paper in the system making the revenue of the United States of America augment. The Republican party does not only follow the inalienable rights better as they are defined in the Declaration of Independence, but they also follow them better as God given rights. God is the one who gave people the right to life, liberty, and happiness. The Republican views best coincide with the Biblical views of the inalienable rights stated in the Declaration of Independence. The verse Jeremiah 1:4-5 best amplifies the Lord’s view on abortion. It says â€Å"Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying: â€Å"Before I formed you in the womb I knew you; before you were born I sanctified you; I ordained you a prophet to the nations. † This means that the Lord knew everyone before they were born and created him or her each uniquely. Americans are all God’s children and since He knew them before they were born that means taking one of their lives would be murder. Verse Exodus 20:13 says, â€Å"Thou shalt not kill. † Therefore the Republican Party and their position against abortion best follow God’s will of life. The next God given right or inalienable that the Republican Party best represents is liberty. Part of the definition of the indisputable right to liberty is that you may not interfere with or hinder the liberty of another person. The Bible verse that demonstrates the respecting of others liberty is Leviticus 19:18 â€Å"Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against one of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord. † The Republicans represent this with their view on again gun control. The Republicans do not allow gun usage for the misconduct or injury of others. The last God given right is the right to the pursuit of happiness. The Bible verse Ecclesiates 5:19 best demonstrates that God wanted His creations to be happy and pursue it. The verse says, â€Å"Moreover, when God gives any man wealth and possessions, and enables him to enjoy them, to accept His work—this is a gift of God. † This verse goes along directly with Thomas Jefferson’s definition of the pursuit of happiness. God gave all humans the ability to be happy, but it is their job to pursue it and achieve it. The Republican principle that best goes along with the Biblical view of the pursuit of happiness is taxes because Republicans do their best to use the taxpayer’s money to benefit them. They also try to take as little from people as they can. Based on the Declaration of Independence’s and God given inalienable rights, the Republican Party is the true political party of the United States. The Republican Party best simulates the definitions given by John Locke and Thomas Jefferson for the principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They demonstrate this by their political standpoints on the controversial issues of abortion, gun control, and taxes.

Constructivist Theory of Knowledge in the Curriculum

Constructivist Theory of Knowledge in the Curriculum 1. The Constructivist Theory of Knowledge This theory has emerged from psychological theories around human learning and knowledge acquisition. Within this theory, the main preposition is that people construct knowledge and infer meaning to concepts through experience. It is a theory which is principally credited to Jean Piaget, who used scientific data to prove that the theory was of some validity. In relation to education, constructivist theories have had a significant impact on pedagogy, even though constructivism is not a pedagogy in and of itself. Within constructivism, the idea is that people respond to new knowledge by internalising it and accommodating this knowledge into their existing internal schema, the personal constructs of meaning and understanding that are unique to them. This explains one of the key facets of constructivism as applied to knowledge acquisition, that learners learn individually, and their knowledge is individually constructed and, arguably, unique to them. Therefore, learning is derived from sensory input from which the learner constructs knowledge. This seems rather simplistic, but runs counter to a number of previous theories, particularly the long-standing belief that knowledge is universal, because instead the learner must engage with the world or their social context or environment in some way, in order to learn. In constructivism, theorists posit that learners learn as they learn, in that while they are learning knew knowledge they are learning on many levels, about more than just the facts they are acquiring[1]. For example, if the student is learning about different materials, such as wood, plastic and metal, they are learning about the nature of these substances, but also they are expanding their vocabulary, learning what these substances look and feel like, and, are also processing examples of how these materials are used, and why. Applying this knowledge to their social world allows them to test their new understandings and to see what elements of their environment are constructed out of these different materials. The construction of meaning is a mental process which is enhanced by physical activities[2], but cognitive engagement with learning is key. In constructivism, learners are central to the learning process, not the knowledge they are required to acquire. Learning is both context ual and social, and so in primary science, for example, collaborative activities and experiments engage learners socially as well as individually. Learners need time to learn, but they also need opportunities to review and revisit the new knowledge, as it becomes internalised and takes its place as a building block for further learning. Primary science teaching appears to fit very well with this approach to understanding learning, because it builds from initial concepts and exploratory activities into more complex activities. As time progresses, the curriculum is designed to revisit knowledge on several occasions, and to put that knowledge into practice. How far this works for primary science, however, may depend on a number of factors[3]. This does seem to be a very constructivist approach, and while it works well in primary science, this author wonders if there are other subjects which might not so easily suit constructivist explanations of learning. As a practical subject, science at all levels allows students to take more control of their learning experiences[4] and to engage fully with new knowledge[5]. However, this theory also acknowledges that learning requires a degree of motivation, and this may be the biggest challenge to any educator[6]. 2. Discuss the issue of progression in a child’s learning in the context of a critique of the materials and properties strand of the national curriculum and the associated QCA schemes of work. The notion of progression builds upon issues of constructivism by starting what appears to be a cascade of learning through directed activities. The guidance for the materials and properties strand of the curriculum, particularly espoused in the QCA schemes of work, seem to start with an initial encounter with key concepts, such as the nature of materials, through focused activities[7]. For example, children in reception to Year 1 might be asked to identify types of materials, such as glass, wood, metal, and discuss the ways in which these are used, such as, windows are usually made of glass, or doors are usually made of wood. This knowledge is then built on later on in their learning process by learning more in detail about the properties of these different types of materials, through new information, and testing that information to learn about the properties under investigation. For example, learning about stretchiness would allow students to understand both the concept and the kin ds of materials which display this property, whilst also acquiring the new knowledge of different terms and their application. So progression of learning requires the student to understand what a property is, and the kinds of words used to describe and to explore it. The learning process challenges the student to ask questions about different properties, and then, through these answers, to apply these concepts to other materials and their properties. Progression is thus based on the student engaging at all stages, and only once the student has grasped initial concepts can they move on to the testing of those concepts in more and more detail. However, the challenge of basing a curriculum and set schemes of work on this concept of progressive learning, in this case, is that all students do not learn at the same rates, and therefore the progression of the class may be limited to the speed of the slowest student rather than responding to individual learning. However, this approach also allows students to not only revisit knowledge but to simultaneously signpost their learning[8], which may help build confidence, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The continuous programme of study that is the National Curriculum aims to ensure progression from primary to secondary school, in particularly, is less marked and more straightforward, although this is not the case for many educators. However, in principle, within science, the curriculum allows students to acquire the fundamental understandings necessary to advance to more complex science and scientific investigation. 3. How does the recognition of concepts of evidence affect a teachers approach to progression and assessment of pupils understanding in Sc1? Concepts of evidence is a fundamental scientific principle in relation to the acquisition of any kind of real scientific knowledge and understanding. Every part of the progression from S1 requires that students can recognise and work with ‘evidence’ acquired from practical activities[9], such as information gathering, observation and recording of these observations, and experimentation[10]. Experimental and investigative work in this subject, at this level, requires students to engage in the following kinds of activities: planning investigations; deciding what to change, what to keep the same and what to measure; deciding whether a fair comparison was made; and using results to draw conclusions[11]. These require students to have internalised what constitutes ‘evidence’ in scientific studies. However, in science, cognition and learning, and in particular, reasoning, is characteristically different than in other subjects, because this reasoning is carried out using ‘evidence’. Learning to work scientifically relates to a rage of ‘concepts of evidence’, which might include the purpose of observation, and how to carry out observation for specific reasons, recognising what constitutes a scientific question that can practically be investigated through accepted scientific processes, the need to carry out multiple measurements, and the need to develop through these new skills in carrying out measurement processes, and different ways of recording data and presenting findings. It also involves understanding different kinds of experiments and the kinds of results that can be gained from these. However, these kinds of concepts must be learned from engaging in practical activities, and in relation to progression from Sc1, understanding the principles of scientific activities must be demonstrated through carrying out the activities and working through these to achieve specific goals. This runs somewhat counter to the notio n of individual learning, however. However, it is not enough that students can carry out the activity required, because they need to be able to see beyond establishing ‘facts’ and look for alternative explanations or interpretations to illustrate their ‘evidence’. Not only must they be able to frame their investigations in the right language, and choose the right kinds of questions[12], they also need to be able to learn how to make robust measurements, with support and input. What this demonstrates is that it is not enough for students to learn superficially how to do an experiment, and how to record results. For students to progress, they need to be able to discuss observations and inference, questions and areas of investigation, and the different ways to produce ‘evidence’ to explain relationships or causality. And the literature does show that even young children can develop these kinds of capabilities, if they are properly supported. Therefore, the modern approach to science education where knowledge acquisition appears to be fully constructivist, particularly in relation to testing of ideas and principles, appears well suited to students developing key scientific skills, which at the next stage of their education form the basis for deeper understanding and manipulation of more complex and challenging tests and variables. Yet it could also be argued that to teach almost by rote, by following the schemes of work set out by the QCA and DfES is also to stifle individuality in learning, because not all students will grasp these concepts at the same time, or even in the same ways. Science is about universal laws and the testing of theories[13], but in order to allow students to develop a true understanding of basic principles[14], perhaps it is time for educators themselves to reconsider what are their ‘concepts of evidence’ for readiness to progress to the next level. References Gibson, J. (1998). Any questions any answer? Primary Science Review, 51, 20-21. Gott, R. and Johnson, P. (1999) Science in schools: times to pause for thought? School Science Review81(295) 21 -28 Gunstone, R.F. and Mitchell, I.J. (2005) Metacognition and Conceptual Change Teaching Science for Understanding 133-163 Hollins, W. Whitby, V. (1998). Progression in Primary Science. Great Britain: David Fulton Publishers. Johnson, P. and Gott, R. (1996) Constructivism and Evidence from Childrens Ideas. Science Education 80(5); 561-577. Osborne, J. and Simon, S. (1996) Primary Science: Past and Future Directions Studies in Science Education 26 99-147 Paivi, T. (1999) Towards expert knowledge? A comparison between a constructivist and a traditional learning environment in the university International Journal of Educational Research31 (5) 357-442. QCA/DfES (2008) http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/schemes2/science/sci3c/sci3cq2?view=get  Accesed 23-10-08 Reinhartz, J. Beach, D. M. (1997). Teaching and Learning in the Elementary School: Focus on Curriculum. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Shepardson, D. P. (1997). Butterflies and beetles: first graders ways of seeing and talking about insect life cycles. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 34(9) 876-889. So, W. M. W. Cheng, M. H. M. (2001). To facilitate the development of multiple intelligences among primary students through science projects. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 2(1), Article 4. Available at: http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v2_issue1/sow/. Accessed 23-10-08. Watts, M., Barber, B., Alsop, S. (1997). Childrens questions in the classroom, Primary Science Review, 49, 6-8. White, R. and Gunstone, R. (1992). Probing Understanding. London: Falmer Press. 1 Footnotes [1] Paivi, T. (1999) [2] Shepardson, D. P. (1997). [3] Gott, R. and Johnson, P. (1999) [4] Gibson, J. (1998). p 20. [5] White, R. and Gunstone, R. (1992). [6] Reinhartz, J. Beach, D. M. (1997). [7]QCA/DfES (2008) [8] Gunstone, R.F. and Mitchell, I.J. (2005) [9] Hollins, W. Whitby, V. (1998) [10] So, W. M. W. Cheng, M. H. M. (2001). [11] QCA/DfES (ibid). [12] Watts, M., Barber, B., Alsop, S. (1997). [13] Osborne, J. and Simon, S. (1996) [14] Johnson, P. and Gott, R. (1996)

Comparative Study Of The Professional Courier Commerce Essay

Comparative Study Of The Professional Courier Commerce Essay The objectives of the research study was to know, to what extent the company is aware about their service effectiveness and also to know to what extend the customers are satisfaction with the company service, it was also to know whether the customers are satisfied with the company policies, and if they are satisfied then to what extent, and if they are dissatisfied why so. and accordingly to identify strengths of company and weaknesses where they lack in serving their customers. It was also to know which are the area where the company has to put more of its attention and to serve those areas in a better ways,. And also to identify the problem of the company and to recommend suggestion on the basis of that and finally to take the necessary measures on problem identified for the company resulting in the research study. The survey carried out was random sample survey and the procedure followed for conducting survey was questionnaire method that is personally explaining the customer about questionnaire and getting them filled, targeting to total of 120 customers of both THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER and FIRST FLIGHT COURIER 6O of each company in three different location Mapusa Siolim, Arambol, Thivim, Pernem, Colvale and Panjim, survey was conducted with random customers of the companys. Questionnaires were filled personally by the employees also personal interaction was made and views about those questions was taken, which gave idea about customer service effectiveness of both the companies. Customer Service Effectiveness Customer Service Effectiveness is the process by which your organization delivers its services or products in a way that allows the customer to access them in the most efficient, fair, cost effective, and humanly satisfying and pleasurable manner possible. Customer service is a process, not a set of actions that might include greeting the customer, smiling, asking if you can help, etc. Effective customer service is all about delivering the answers customers are seeking. How information is stored, augmented and organized will determine how effective any organizations customer service efforts will be. The best knowledgebase technology allows the customer to guide the content, and structure of the knowledgebase, improve the level of service, and decrease the customer service representatives workload.   It recognize that different customers want to be treated in different ways. Not all customers are treated equal, and by going customer-by-customer, region-by-region and country-by-country, we build a custom suit that trades off efficiency and effectiveness, recognizing that we may actually eliminate customers. COMPANYS BACKGROUND THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER The beginning :  was founded in 1987 by Mr .A Braham M r.SAhamed Meeran , Mr. Oommen C. Chacko Late. Mrs. V.Padmavathi Mr. Ronny George Mr. Sumit Batabyal Mr. Suresh Bharathan Mr. Thomas John A year of glory for the Directors of this company because it was the year in which they were united and ventured in to Courier Business was incorporated on 1st November 1987. PROFESSIONAL COURIER gives employment to thousands of people. It has turned hundreds of ambitious aspiring youngsters to be the proud Managers of an elite company. Much more, it is today a Courier organization which is being looked upon by the others as a role model of what a courier should be. Today PROFESSIONAL COURIER in India has 20 Regional Offices, over 2485 Offices, over 5000 Collection Centers and easily well over 25,000 destinations, where delivery is possible, by far, the biggest Courier Network in India. FIRST FLIGHT COURIER First Flight Couriers came into being on Monday, 17th November 1986. It all began with the setting up of three offices at Kolkata, Mumbai and Delhi. The overwhelming response from customers, was not just a dream come true, but the fruits of an early realization and recognition of the tremendous potential that the Indian subcontinent offered in terms of market size. It was the foresight and dynamism of the Founder Chairman and Managing Director, O.P.Saboo which created a spring board for the organization to catapult into what it is today   Indias Largest Domestic Courier Company. 930 First Flight Offices across India 2208 Authorized Collection Centers 452 Franchisee Locations Serving over 5000 Pin code Destinations across India Dedicated Workforce of over 10000 plus employees Strategically located 8 own International Offices Serving over 220 countries globally As a natural corollary to its growth endeavor, First Flight is in the process of setting up a large scale integrated Logistics Division to offer an entire gamut of Warehousing, Inventory Management, Supply Chain Services and Distribution Channels, thereby providing total end-to-end solutions to customers. In keeping with times, First Flight continues to invest substantial effort in building a State-of-the-Art Super Information Technology highway. First Flights commitment to corporate excellence and its yearning for making it a common household name opens floodgates of opportunities and challenges and to meet it head on, shall be the corner stone of its philosophy. METHODOLOGY RESEARCH EXPLORATION Qualitative design The method used to measure customer service effectiveness was firstly I meet customers of both companies asked them open ended questions verbally personal interaction as doing pilot study the responses from all the customers was taken which resulted in the final questionnaire and the data was collected from the company employees, the result of study will contribute knowledge about service proved by the company and to known how far it is effective. Pilot test: The qualitative research test was done with small sample size of 40 customers 20 of each courier service providing company. The questions were then framed based on their responses. Research Plan: Once the problem was identified, I prepare structured questionnaire for collecting the information needed for the research. And then to analysis the data collected before making a conclusion. OBJECTIVES Was to know how effective is the companies service. It was also to know the level at which the company customers are satisfied with the service provided by the company. Source of data: Primary data Questionnaire Personal interaction with the customers. Observation. Secondary data Internet Company reports Data collection: The personal interaction with the customers and questioning them with the help of structured questionnaires and which is filled by the customers personally in my presence. Sampling size: The total sample size is 120 for both companies 60 for each of a service providing company. Sample plan: Random Sampling Target audience: service taking customers of both companies THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER and FIRST FLIGHT. NEED FOR STUDY The main reason behind doing customer service effectiveness survey was to know how much the company is able to satisfy its customer as it was founded on discussing with the management of the professional courier and the first flight courier that the performance of the companies was coming down. The reason for doing customer service effectiveness surveys was also to know as to what are those services which the customers Are accepting from the company and due to which the customers are not satisfied with the company service as a result the market share of the company is decreasing. As an external consultant, my purpose in conducting survey with customers was to share information for the common good. It will be confidentiality and I will use the information to assist the company to make positive progress SCOPE FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS SURVEY Surveys will help company to measure and understand their customers attitude, opinions, motivation, and satisfaction. Surveys and focus groups help the company to identify areas of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is the terminology used to describe whether customers are happy and contented and fulfilling their desires and needs at work. Surveys will help the company to measure and understand their training needs for the employees, and also if necessary to put more focused in a particular area were company lake in serving customers. CUSTOMER SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE PROFESSIONALCOURIER(PROFESSIONAL COURIER) AND FIRST FLIGHT COURUIER (FIRST FLIGHT) Q1) HOW OFTEN YOU TAKE SERVICE FROM THIS COMPANY (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) The above graphs tells us the users of both the service and how orphan they use the service we can see that customers of PROFESSIONAL COURIER uses service more time than FIRST FLIGHT courier. 2)THE SERVICE DELIVERY DONE BY THE COMPANY VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) In the above graph we can clearly see that compared to first flight courier the service delivery of the professional courier is better as more number of customers say its always no time were as no customers of professional courier say its never on time but some customers of first flight courier says its never on time. 3) PLEASE RATE US IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES outstanding above average average below average poor cannot rate professionalism responsiveness support and assistance follow- up overall satisfaction (FOR THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER) 3) PLEASE RATE US IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES outstanding above average average below average poor cannot rate professionalism responsiveness support and assistance follow- up overall satisfaction (FOR THE FIRST FLIGHT COURIER) 4) CONSIDER THE OVERALL KEY AREAS BELOW TELL US HOW IMPORTANT YOU COSIDER EACH AREA TO BE better customer service variety of available services speed and ease of order placement pickup and delivery quality price CRITERIA very important important somewhat important not as important (FOR THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER) 4) CONSIDER THE OVERALL KEY AREAS BELOW TELL US HOW IMPORTANT YOU COSIDER EACH AREA TO BE better customer service variety of available services speed and ease of order placement pickup and delivery quality price CRITERIA very important important somewhat important not as important (FOR THE FIRST FLIGHT COURIER) 5) THE LEVEL AT WHICH COMPANY TACKLE YOUR PROBLEM VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) If we see in the above graph first flight courier is better than professional courier in term of tackling the problems faced by the customers. Professional courier is also not too bad. As 38 people say its good at tacking. So can conclude looking at graph that the both companies are equally good in tackling your problem. 6) FEES CHARGED BY THE COMPANY VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) With regards to the charges charged for the service given by the companies more customers of both the companies feels that it is charged at reasonable price. There in comparison both the companies are in a same position. 7) IS COMPANY ABLE TO MEET YOUR REQUESTED COMPLITION TIME VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) When it was question of whether the company is able to meet your requested time there were very few customers of both the companies who said its done always but were majority said rarely, sometimes, occasionally. But here while comparing we can say that professional courier is better because there are only 1 customer who said its not at all done on time but with the first flight courier 5customer said its not at all done on time. 8) SERVICE GIVEN WORTH THE MONEY YOU PAY VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) When it was said that the service given by both the companies is worth the money you pay there was only 1 customer of PROFESSIONAL COURIER who was strongly along with 37 agreed but 7 customers of FIRST FLIGHT was strongly agree followed by 30 agree. Where we can conclude first flight courier is better than professional courier. 9) WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF EFFORTS YOU HAV TO PUT IN GETTING YOUR SERVICE DELIVERED VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) In terms of efforts to be put in getting your service delivered the customers of both the companies have to put in more efforts as maximum of the customers of both the companies said they have to put more and lots of effort. So here we can conclude both the companies are week here. 10)SERVICE GIVEN TO YOU IS AS PER YOUR ACCEPTATION VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) when it was said that the service is given to the customers as per their acceptation 44 customers of PROFESSIONAL COURIER was strongly agree and agree were else 37 customers of FIRST FLIGHT was strongly agree and agree. From this we can say that in comparison to FIRST FLIGHT the PROFESSIONAL COURIER is better in meeting the acceptation of the customers. 11) YOUR ORDER IS DELIVERED WHERE AND WHEN YOU REQUESTED IT VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) In terms of order to be delivered where and when it is asked customers of both the companies looks like customers are satisfied with the this service of the company. But if you see gain many take a neutral stand. Where they are not included neither in agree situation nor disagree situation. Therefore compared to FIRST FLIGHT, the PROFESSIONAL COURIER is little bit in better position in term of accurate delivery. 12) HOW IS PROFESSIONAL COURIER SERVICE COMPARED WITH OTHER COURIER VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) First it was whether the customers have used other courier service than what they are using now. All the customers said YES they have used. Were 30 customers of PROFESSIONAL COURIER and 31 customers of FIRST FLIGHT said its same. Where else 28 felt better and only 2 said worse of PROFESSIONAL COURIER. But of FIRST FLIGHT 25 said its same and 4 said its worse. Here again we can conclude to some extent professional courier is better than first flight 13) HOW MANY TIMES IN LAST 6 MONTHS HAVE YOU USED THE PROFESSIONAL COURIER SERVICE VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) In the above graph we can see how many times the customers have used the service in last 6 months. But there are not much customers who have used this service for 30 or more than 30 in last 6 month for both companies. 14) WOULD YOU RECOMMEND USING THE SERVICE OF THIS COURIER IN FUTHURE VS (PROFESSIONAL COURIER) (FIRST FLIGHT) When it was asked whether the customer of the company will use the service in future again almost equal number of customer of both the companies said definitely would. But there were some of both the companies who said probably not and definitely not. And also with the reasons as the common answers are written down as positive once and negative once. For the professional courier user it was asked why would you recommend using the service and the answers were in positive as well as in negative POSITIVE (yes) Due to better quality of service. They reach on time always. Good at handling problem faced. Have good safety delivery. Delivery is always done on time. Parcel is accurately delivered were it is asked. Easy in using. It is faster. NEGATIVE (no) Late in delivery. Not very good service in terms of quality. Few collection centre in Goa. For the first flight courier user it was asked why would you recommend using the service and the answers were in positive as well as in negative POSITIVE (yes) Quick service Good Quality service Delivery is done timely and to the place Good at handling customer problems Because of reasonable price NEGATIVE (no) Delay in delivery Not good at handling situation No pick up service. Less collection centre what you have to say about the delivery done by the company PROFESSIONAL COURIER Positive Good quality delivery Make customer satisfied Dont have to face much difficulties Deliver parcel to the concern person Have good delivery boys for on field service. Negative Not done on time (sometimes). Poor delivery in north India. lack of delivery boys in north Goa. FIRST FLIGHT Positive More trusty and more faster Punctual in their delivery Its delivered when its asked Easy and comfortable Negative Dont provide service on time. Average delivery Parcel damage delivery (These are some of the common answers given by all the customers) Here are some of the suggestions to The Professional Courier. They should concentrate more on timely delivery They should put more attention in solving the queries of the customers should also focused on pick up documents from the customers. Try to be more faster and accurate in giving the delivery. Improve parcel packaging. Try and come up with the possible collection centers across Goa. Add the delivery boys in doing the delivery so that it can be done faster. Here are some of the suggestions to First Flight Courier. Put more efforts in doing delivery on time Try and put more time solving customers problem so that all customers are satisfied with this service. See that they put more focus on doing delivery on the within requested time. Company should add up more employees on field doing service delivery, so that it can be done faster and documents will not be pending. ANALYSIS FINDINGS Customers have to put more efforts for getting their services to be delivered. Both the companies lack in providing timely delivery the delivery is done late. The reasons identified is that they have less delivery boys on field doing delivery and because of which document is left undelivered and is done late later. Bad service providers are not only losing their valuable external customers but also their internal customers who are not willing to be associated with the organization for a longer duration. Retaining the loyalties of the customers, both internal as well as external is very critical for the future of the company. The Professional Courier has Lack of collection centre in Goa which make quit difficult for people in getting their document or parcel to the company office or the. When the question comes of solving problems face by the customers both the companies lack in doing so as they cannot service their 100% to the customers therefore not all the customers are satisfied with this service of the company, which is not profitable for the company as they can lose their customers. On surveying the customers it was founded that 35 respondent of TPC i.e the maximum said the give more preference to BETTER CUSTOMER SERVICE and of FF 45 respondent said so which again maximum therefore we can conclude that the customer wants good quality service which include timely, accurate, safe etc. In terms of money or charges charged by both the companies in providing the service is worth the service they provide the maximum respondent of both the companies i.e. 36 of TPC and 38 of FF said its reasonable. So can conclude from this that they are charging fair amount for providing the service. Limitation of the survey: The survey was conducted in a limited duration of six weeks only. No customers are loyal customers they change their service provider whenever they wants so was quit tough to get these companies customers which has taken service from them for quit many times . Many competitors in the market and it was difficult to get the the customer of these both companies. My target audience was the cooperate people and the business people which made it even more difficult to gather information. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED Communication chain:- the communication system of the company is not in properly form. As the information regarding the company customer any query or any other help required are not directly communicated to the management it takes time due to absent of communication chain. Employee Relation:- Employee relation with the companys customers is not friendly, due to which companies are losing on their business and If you dont have a good relation with your customers it becomes very difficult for you to get business from that person to the company. Responsibilities to employees:- the employees are not much responsible it is said because the customers of both the companies had to put in more efforts in getting their service delivered Lack of collection centre for (TPC):- the customers of colvale, pernem (Tuem industrial estate) has to face difficulties in sending their courier because they have come all the way to mapusa. Delivery:- not all the time delivery by both the companies is done on time. it is not reach as per the customer requested time. SOLUTION In the interest of building a relationship of honesty, integrity, and trust, with the company customer, the results should be communicated effectively to the customers and the company customers should receive information in a timely manner when it is asked. Also company managers need to track progress and communicate implementation successes and failures to the employees so that they can accordingly work on field improving the same. Company should constantly strive to provide necessary information to their customer when ever asked that will increase their awareness of the larger scope of the operation and provide them a sense of satisfaction so that they will continue using your service. Company should also put more focus on talking to the customers could be personally or online how they wants and knowing their quires or problem face by them at any point of time while taking service so that it will gave them a sense of concern for them thinking yes company cares their customers which will help them to retain the customers. Company should try to improve relationship within the company customers. They can do this by constantly keeping in touch with the customers. This will lead to better interaction with the customers and the company employees and this will lead to improved relation which will future give company a good business. Successful Deliveries:- A successful delivery is directly tied into a timely one. Success is more than just getting the goods to their destination on time. It also means a safe delivery, parcel reaching the customer without damage and accurately to the pace where it has been asked. Recommendation / Suggestions to company Add more service delivery boys to improve customer service standards:- This is the most common method that most organizations firmly believe in. They tend to add up the numbers of people in the service delivery chain improving systems and processes which provides a positive result and further improves the process and service experience for the customers. It will also motivates the employees to increase their performance levels and improve the service delivery experience for their customers which ultimately benefits the company. Provide service training to the company employees:-Training the employees goes a long way in ensuring the effectiveness of service delivery of the organization. Training not only helps the employees in learning new techniques and tricks but also helps them in realizing that the company is concerned about their future in the organization and it is taking necessary steps to ensure its growth in the firm. It motivates the employees to increase their performance levels and improve the service delivery experience for their customers. Training and involving the employees in various decisions or discussions of organization. Apart from their routine activities makes them feel good as if they take ownership of the company and could improve the service that they provide to their customers. There is an increase in the willingness to satisfy the customers especially when there is customer complaint in order to ensure that the customer goes back satisfied and his loyalty is retained by the organization the training is very important. Cost saving option:- if you have goods to be delivered that are large and take up a lot of space and weight, a sea freight option likely would make more sense than air freight if the destination is across the country, if the destination is just a few miles away i.e. within the country or in the neighboring states, than some type of road service would likely be the best option in order to minimize the cost CONCLUSION AND LEARNING To conclude I would like to say it was of a great experience conducting my summer internship on comparative study on The Professional Courier and first flight courier. Working on my study I came to know many things about the service industry as how its work. I gained much more knowledge in marketing field as how its function, and as how to out approaching the customer along with the customer acceptation as to what customers wants and what they dont want. flow of proper communication from top to bottom and bottom to top plays a very important role in any organization as timely providing information regarding the customers if any quires is there by the employees to the company helps them to contribute to the success of the company, as company can makes necessary changes where ever required and also to come up with a solution to their quires . Also came to know how the employees deal with the customers of the company as to what is their needs and wants and how they are meet also not meet and how the customers reacts to it later.

Technology and Its Impact on Work-Related Stress Essay -- Technologica

Technology and Its Impact on Work-Related Stress Trends in organizational behavior have an impact on employees. Many factors in our daily lives can cause stress, but how does technology play a role in impacting stress? Does technology affect us positively or negatively? Is there anything unethical about technology and the way it is utilized in the workplace? This paper will reveal both the positive and negative impacts of technology on work-related stress and discover some influential ethical issues as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations utilize various types of technology, from cell phones to personal computers and numerous types of technical software. In the article, ?Workplace Depression Blamed on IT Stress?, David Williamson states, ?Technology designed to help people work efficiently is now forcing employees into a state of digital depression? (Williamson, 2003, pg.9). Technology has the ability to prevent a person from escaping reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the fire service, firefighters and staff personnel utilize cell phones, pagers, radios, and e-mail. As such, are rarely unavailable and it is not uncommon to be interrupted during one?s day off or vacation. While this inability to ?escape? may cause stress, these same types of technology can assist in relieving stress. For those who travel, cell phones can provide a feeling of safety since help can be a phone call away when the car breaks down. For working parents, there is often comfort in knowing the children and family will...

Political Reform in the Schools of Latvia :: Religion in Education Soviet Union Essays

Political Reform in the Schools of Latvia Cataclysmic events sometimes spur educators to reconsider the role of schools in preparing children for citizenship. In the United States, the Great Depression of the 1930's prompted educators to address the appropriate place of the schools in developing citizens for an industrial democracy. In the tiny Baltic nation of Latvia, the sudden breakup of the Soviet Union caused educators to consider the same questions. A remarkable chain of events at the turn of the last decade raised the Iron Curtain and paved the way for a revival of liberal democracy throughout Eastern Europe after fifty years of dictatorial Soviet communism. In 1992, Latvia followed many of its neighbors in declaring its independence. It then turned to the creation of a new government and developing citizens to ensure its continuation. Religion was to play a prominent role. The Church had traditionally been a significant factor in Latvian political and social life, but the early 1990's saw a new religious force in Eastern Europe. Western missionary organizations were searching for footholds from which to evangelize the newly independent nations of Eastern Europe. Two conflicting goals of this evangelism rapidly surfaced. On the one hand, the Church certainly intended to gain converts to Christianity, but it had a political mission as well. Missionaries and their host governments envisioned Christianity as a vehicle to reinstitute a public morality lost under decades of communist rule. In the minds of many, Christian virtue spread throughout the populace would form a necessary foundation for the growth of liberal democracy. Both the Church and the State targeted the schools as the delivery system for moral instruction. However, this use of the schools put them in the untenable position of serving two masters-the Church and the state, two institut ions whose ideologies and goals are ever at odds. Marxist and Christian Worldviews and Education In "ten days that shook the world" in 1917, Lenin's Bolsheviks co-opted the Russian Revolution and ushered into existence a Marxist government. Fundamental to the implementation of communism in Lenin's view was control of the schools. He declared that "The school must become a weapon of the dictatorship of the proletariat" (in Counts, 1957). Under Lenin's successor, Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union expanded its influence into Eastern Europe. In 1945, the Soviets annexed Latvia and restructured the schools in accordance with Stalin's view that education is ".

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay -- Alfred Hitchcock

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcock's Vertigo The amount of critical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical reading. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the past with a reading that offers not only a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most exciting ideas when contextualized in a culture of consumerism. Consumerism shaped the film, and also shapes the way we view it. The desire of the consumer is the driving force behind not only our economy, but our mode of seeing the world, and seeing films. As consumers, we are always looking for, and looking at, new commodities, especially clothing. We gaze at clothing in shop windows. We purchase it and wear it, making it visible to others. Indeed, the desire to buy clothing is linked closely to our desire to show it off. We shop in a visual economy, a visual culture of consumption. To understand this culture it is important to understand the historical figure of the flà ¢neur. The flà ¢neur is a wandering male consumer of images who is, and was, particularly in the nineteenth century, the visual and economic agent at the center of consumer culture. He is also at the center of Vertigo, personified in the main character, Scotty. The flà ¢neur is an inveterate urban wanderer and voyeur who is at home in the public spaces. In the words of Baudelaire, "for the perfect flà ¢neur, for the passionate spectator, it is an immense joy to set up house in the heart of the multitude, amid the ebb and flow of movement" (qtd. in Brand 5). Walter Benjamin, in his work on the... ...lso of women displayed in windows. 3 Sometimes coincidence aids criticism. Kim Novak was, according to Hitchcock, quite proud of the fact that she didn't wear a bra during the filming of Vertigo (Truffaut 248). Works Cited Brand, Dana. The Sectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. Gleber, Anke. The Art of Taking a Walk: Flanerie, litera ture, and Film in Weimar Culture. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999. Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993. Simmons, Patricia. "Women in Frames: The Gaze, the Eye, the Profile in Renaissance Portraiture." The Expanding Discourse. Ed. Norma Broude and Mary Garrard. New York: Harper Collins. 39-57. Steele, Richard. "Spectator No. 454" 1712. The Spectator, A new edition. Cincinnati: Applegate & Co., 1857.

My Special Someone

In every story of life and love, there is always something new to discover and moments to treasure forever. Even is life is painful and full of suffering, there is always one thing that would give us the courage to stand and face all the consequences of living – love. Life is a never-ending journey. We tend to find someone that we thought that would last a lifetime but sometimes, we became too blind of loving to the extent of giving everything without anything in return that leave a result of being a martyr. However, in spite of the hardships that we have felt, we still fall in love again and hope that the next time we fall, our heart our fly along with our love and not fall in the ocean leaving us wounded alone.Personally, I can say that falling in love is the greatest feeling on earth. Despite of all the problems that occur in our path, it will always be fine because we knew that there is light through the eyes of our special someone. I believe this perspective because I pre sently feel the same way. After all, I knew that I have found the one for me and I am truly blessed to have this woman by my side and prayed that she will stay with me for the rest of my life. Because of the real feelings that I have for her, I want to share my special someone named Shabnam.Shabnam is a very fine, loving and caring person. She is 25% Spanish, 25% Filipino, and 50% Indian. Shabnam has a different life-story, which we only often see in the movie or television. Shabnam’s father is Indian while her mother is Spanish. Her father knew her mother in Spain where they fall in love. Their love with one another produced a child, which is Shabnam. While her mother was pregnant, her father and her mother went to India. When her father and mother got there, Shabnam’s mother found out that her father was already married to another woman who is also pregnant during those times.Aside from this, the family of Shabnam’s father does not want Shabnam’s mother because she is Spanish. Eventhough this was the case, Shabnam’s mother accepts the situation and still pursues the birth of Shabnam but her mother and father separated. Shabnam’s stepmother born her stepbrother named Vishal. Her father brought Vishal to San Jose, California, USA. Ew years later, Shabnam’s mother died due to cancer. After her mother died, she had to live with her father but despite her father exist, she still seeks for a mother figure that would guide and take care of her. She really wanted to have a mother that is why she went to India to ask her stepmother to go to the USA to bring back the family together.Through this story, I realized that she is not selfish because even if she wanted to have a mother, she did not search for anything else but her stepmother whom she asked to bring the family back, which is the original family. Through this personality of Shabnam, it really brought me to the fact of loving and taking care of her. She deserves to be loved because she does not have any anger and selfishness even if she was lack of love and concern coming from a mother. I was amazed and I admired her eagerness and concern of bringing back the family again after a long time.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Shabnam’s story can be a realization to other children who build hatred towards their parents because of their parent’s illegitimate relationship. However, despite of this situation of Shabnam, I love and will always love her as best as I could.I started admiring Shabnam because of her smile and expressive eyes. I did not even think that she had a special family situation because she seemed to be happy always. Having a special relationship with Shabnam is amazing because she is very caring and humble. I guess despite of her family background, she remains humble and generous for it is the only way of showing her love to other people that should be for her mother.She is a Libra and I am a Gemini. Based on the astrology, Libra an d Gemini are compatible with one another. Maybe, we were meant for each other because even the astrology says that we have both found one another – I to her and her to me. We have also so many things in common; it is because we both have an Indian blood and though she has different blood aside from Indian blood, she was raised as an Indian because she lives in his father.My present relationship with Shabnam is great. We are having moments that I treasure inside my heart. I am always happy when we were together. She make me laugh, she make my heartbeats fast, she teach me to be understanding because she understand the deeper perspective of life even if it is very hard and problematic.Having an extraordinary feeling of great love and happiness, I used to think if getting married. I want to marry Shabnam because she is the one I am looking for. I know that not everything may seem to be perfect but despite of it all, I want to be with her for the rest of my life. Maybe people wil l think that I am too frustrated and too much rushing of getting married but logically, a person do not want to miss the opportunity of having someone he/she is looking for a long time. At may age, I know what I want and I know what I feel. I am sure with this next phase of my life in case she will accept my love. Now, I do not want to lose Shabnam for she is very special to me that I never felt before.When I am alone, I used to think of my future with my Shabnam. I think of our future life, which I know will be wonderful and unbeatable. I think of our future children that Shabnam and I will love and nurture. I think of our never-ending happiness even if we are already old. I also think of Shabnam while being with me – I will make her happy and contented in life. I will not leave Shabnam as long as I breathe and live.Writing this paper makes me express my love, joy and admiration to Shabnam. She opened my eyes to different perceptions of living in this kind of world. I used t o live as it is before having my own world and ignoring many things but when I met Shabnam, things have change and made me become a better person that is why I love Shabnam everyday because she was not just a beautiful person outside but also inside. Today, we are having a great time together, keeping the fire burning in our hearts with love, faithfulness, and loyalty with one another. She may not tell that she do not want to be like her mother but I know she does so I will took care of her and love her as my one and only in this whole wide world.While writing this paper, I also created a simple poem for Shabnam that shows my love and admiration to her. I want to give her this poem as a sign of my love to her that will not fade until the day I die because I love her so much.I have searched for you,A long, long time ago.I thought I would never ever met,Someone who is like you.Now you’re here with me,And hope will always be.The one I admire before,Today, tomorrow and forevermor e.You make my heart sing,You make my life ring.You bring sunlight in the sky,You bring colors in the dark.I want to be with you,I want to love you.I want to marry you;So please answer, I do.Work CitedFutral, Ann. Gemini with Libra. (2006) Retrieved August 27, 2007 from